Art History
The life of Joan Miró
By Mike McDougall
Joan Miró, the legendary Spanish painter,
sculptor and ceramist, was born in Barcelona in 1893. Miró's early
life was nothing out of the ordinary, at age 14 he enrolled in the
"Escuela Superior de Artes Industriales y Bellas Artes" where he
studied for three years. After this he took on a job as a clerk
In Barcelona but after suffering a nervous breakdown Miró decided
that this wasn't the career for him so he returned to his studies,
this time at Francesc Gali's "Escuela d'Art" where he studied for
a further 3 years up until 1915. Miró's first real breakthrough
came when he had an opportunity to display his art in 1917. Local
art dealer José Dalman had shown an interest in the young artist's
early work and used his studio for the exhibition.
From this point on Miró's career as an artist really took off. He
made his first visit to Paris in 1919 and moved there a year later
to be part of the artistic community in Montparnasse. It was here
as well that he met his fellow countryman Pablo Picasso, for the
first time. After this Miró would spend the rest of his life dividing
his time between Paris and Montroig back in his native Spain. His
first solo show in Paris followed quickly in 1921. Paris was the
place to be for a young artist at this time, it allowed Miró to
meet many other great artists and in 1924 Miró joined Andre Breton's
Surrealist movement. This gave Miró the opportunity to work with
fellow surreal artists Andre Masson and Max Ernst and in 1926 he
helped Ernst to pioneer his "grattage" technique. Despite his ties
with the movement, it has been said that he was always something
of an outsider; indeed Breton later went on to say of Miró that
he was "the most surrealist of us all". As Miró developed his new
style he claimed that he wanted to "assassinate" and "murder" traditional
painting techniques.
By the early 1930's Miró's own style was developing and he was starting
to get recognised as one of the leading artists of his time. His
vibrant colours and almost amoebic shapes are reminiscent of a child's
drawings. On the home front, Miró had also been married to Pilar
Juncosa in 1929 and this period also saw the arrival of their first
daughter in 1931.
Miró was an artist revered for his adaptability and his use of different
media. In 1929 he started his first experiments with lithography
and his first etchings and sculptures also date from around this
period. These different forms of artistic expression would go on
to form a huge part of his work and, like his peer Picasso; it would
ultimately make him more accessible as an artist.
The 1936, due to the outbreak of the civil war, Miró decided not
the return to Spain; he moved his wife and daughter out to join
him in Paris. He would not return to his homeland for nearly five
years. Miró continued to experiment with new mediums and in 1944
he produced his first ceramics piece. By now his renown was worldwide
and he made his first trip to America in 1947. He returned again
frequently and had successful one-man shows at the MoMA (Museum
of Modern Art) in New York in 1951 and 1959.
Some of the highlights in Miró's glittering career include receiving
the 1954 Venice Biennial printmaking prize, in 1958 he was commissioned
to do two murals for the UNESCO building in Paris which won the
Guggenheim International Award for and in 1980 he received the Gold
Medal of Fine Arts from his sovereign, King Juan-Carlos.
Undoubtedly Miró was one of the 20th century's finest artists –
his legacy lives on today and a huge volume of his work can be seen
at the Fundacio Joan Miró in Barcelona, a superb museum that is
a fine showcase to this extremely talented man.
About the Author : Mike McDougall has five years experience working as a travel writer and marketeer. He is currently working to provide additional content for http://www.babylon-idiomas.com/, a Spanish language school with an excellent presence in Spain and Latin America.
This work is covered by a creative commons licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/uk/